Which description best fits a real estate customer?

• A. A licensee's client
• B. A consumer being actively represented by a licensee
• C. The broker
• D. A third party not represented by a licensee for whom ministerial acts are performed

Answer: (D)

In real estate practice, a key distinction is between a client (represented) and a customer (not represented). A customer is someone who isn’t represented by a licensee, but to whom the licensee may perform ministerial acts—routine, non-discretionary tasks that don’t amount to advice or advocacy on behalf of the person.

The description that fits a real estate customer is a third party not represented by a licensee for whom ministerial acts are performed. This captures the idea that the licensee can assist with basic, factual tasks—like arranging showings, providing information, or handling basic logistics—without forming a fiduciary relationship or offering negotiated representation.

The other descriptions describe someone who is represented (a client) or the broker’s role, which aren’t the customer relationship.