What does the covenant of further assurance require the grantor to do?

• A. Provide ongoing insurance against defects
• B. Promise to defend the grantee's title against pre-transfer claims
• C. Guarantee there are no encumbrances
• D. Ensure quiet enjoyment for the grantee

Answer: (B)

The covenant of further assurance obligates the grantor to take any additional actions needed to perfect the grantee’s title after the deed is delivered. In practice, if a defect or missing instrument could prevent a clear title, the grantor must help fix it—often by signing and delivering any further deeds or documents necessary to cure the title and defend it against claims that existed before the transfer. This is why the correct choice is that the grantor promises to defend the grantee’s title against pre‑transfer claims and take steps to perfect the title.

This isn’t about continuing insurance against defects, nor about guaranteeing there are no encumbrances (that’s a different covenant), nor about guaranteeing quiet enjoyment. Those are separate promises; the shield-and-fix role for the title after transfer is what the covenant of further assurance covers.